[introduction] Introduction reactor is widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical, food and bio chemical dyes, various types of chemical enterprises. According to the pressure of the technological requirements, the chemical reaction can be carried out under the conditions of open, closed pressure, pressure or negative pressure. Because the equipment belongs to high temperature and high pressure products, so the risk is bigger, easy to leak and fire and explosion accident. The following is a brief introduction of the reactor explosion hazards and accidents.
Safety hazards and accidents of the reaction vessel
Material problem
Most of the materials in the reactor are dangerous chemicals. If the material is a kind of spontaneous combustion and low flash point material, once the leak, will form an explosive mixture with air, encountered fire (Ming Huo, spark, etc.), may cause fire and explosion; if the materials belong to toxic substances, once the leak may cause poisoning suffocation if member; the material quality is not qualified, the same may cause explosion.
Accident
In March 30, 1999, in Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, the reactor explosion occurred in the petrochemical plant. The cause of the accident is the kind of electroplating liquid intermediate, which is produced by the explosion, is a product without production license. In addition, the reactor explosion, the investigation was actually a pressure vessel without the labor security department registration, detection. The accident caused 4 deaths, direct economic losses of 450 thousand yuan.
Manufacturing problems of equipment
The reactor design is not reasonable, the equipment structure shape is not continuous, improper arrangement of weld, may cause stress concentration; the improper material selection, manufacture of container welding quality is not up to the requirements, and improper heat treatment, can make the material toughness decrease; vessel erosion of the corrosive medium, or lack of strength reduced safety accessories so, all can make the container explosion during use.
Accident
In June 2012, a chemical company in Jiaxing port due to rupture of the explosion valve leading to the reactor two explosions, causing many people were injured.
Runaway reaction to fire and explosion
Many chemical reactions, such as oxidation, chlorination, nitration and polymerization are strong exothermic reaction. If the reaction is out of control or power outages, suddenly without water, the reaction caused by heat accumulation, a sharp increase in the temperature and pressure in the reaction kettle is increased, more than its voltage capacity, will lead to rupture of the container. The material ejected from the rupture, may cause fire and explosion accidents; reactor burst cause equilibrium vapor pressure of the material is damaged, the superheated liquid instability will cause 2 explosions (steam explosion); spraying material is then spread rapidly, the space around the reactor by combustible liquid droplets or steam enveloped in fire will 3 explosions (mixed gas explosion). The main reasons that lead to the runaway reaction are: the reaction heat is not removed in time, the reaction material is not evenly dispersed and operation errors, etc..
Accident
In April 11, 2000, the compound semiconductor material is located in Dongguan of Guangzhou Zhuang Guangzhou Road, No. 161 in Guangdong Hongyun Electroplating Technology Co. Ltd. 100 liter stainless steel reactor explosion. The cause of the explosion is the EO feed speed is too fast, too late to oxirane with propargyl alcohol in the reaction kettle to accumulate, so that rapid rise in pressure inside the autoclave, high pressure gas jet, electrostatic and air friction caused by explosion. The accident caused 2 deaths, 4 people were injured, direct economic losses of 219 thousand yuan.
High pressure materials in the reaction vessel burst into the low pressure system and caused the explosion.
Pressure or low pressure equipment connected with the reaction vessel, because of the high pressure material, more than the pressure limit of the reaction vessel, and thus the explosion of the biological rational container.
Accident
March 27, 2012, Jiangxia, Wuhan Jia into a biological products company due to excessive pressure on the reactor explosion. Accident scene a total of 28 people, the multi stop rescue, to the day 19, there are 26 wounded in the yuan treatment, 2 people died after the rescue.
Water vapor or water leaking into the reaction vessel accident
If the water vapor and heat conduction oil for heating, cooling or water leaking into the reactor, distillation kettle, and materials in the reaction kettle, exothermic decomposition, temperature caused a sharp rise in pressure, the material out of the fire accident.
Explosion accident caused by heating of container
Because of the fire of the external fuel, or the heat radiation from the high temperature heat source, the temperature of the container is increased rapidly, and the pressure of the reactor is increased.
Accident
In December 2009, Pudong New Area Heqing town Shenli Chemical Co. Ltd. explosion. Due to the operation of the workers in the production of illegal operations, resulting in a sharp increase in the temperature of the container, pressure increases, resulting in the reactor explosion. The accident in the plant severely damaged, a worker was injured, and more than ten houses near the factory blast.
Accident caused by improper operation of material
A lot of low flash point flammable liquid into the reactor from the pipe through the liquid pump or vacuum way, these materials are mostly poor insulation material, conductive material, if the flow is too fast, will cause the accumulation of static electricity can not be timely removal, burning explosion accident occurred.
Accident
In March 27, 2011, Anqing Xinfu Chemical Co. Ltd., a plant suddenly exploded. The cause of the explosion was caused by improper operation of the reactor. At that time, the accident caused two deaths and two people were injured, one of them seriously.
Above accidents and causes of the explosion, fully explain the importance of the safety operation of the reactor, because most of the accidents are caused by the operation of the reactor and the use of accidents.
Two, safe operation
Container inspection
Regularly check the container, reaction equipment, if found damaged, must be replaced in a timely manner, otherwise, in the case of the experiment, the consequences are unimaginable.
Pressure selection
Must be aware of the required specific pressure value, and the professional pressure gauge test, in the range of allowable pressure within the pressure is small, otherwise, not up to the experimental reactor, pressure big, is very likely to cause danger.
Experimental site
The physical and chemical reactions, not casually can be carried out, especially under high pressure reaction on the experimental site is more demanding, therefore, in the process of experiment, must choose the place in accordance with the requirements of the test experiment.
clean
Attention to the high pressure reaction kettle cleaning, after each experiment is completed, must be clearClean, there are impurities in the time, do not arbitrarily start the experiment.
Thermometer
When operating, the thermometer must be placed in the correct way to the reaction vessel, otherwise, not only measured temperature is not accurate, but also may lead to the failure of the experiment.
Safety device
Before the experiment, carefully check all kinds of safety devices, especially the safety valve, so as to ensure the safety of the experiment. In addition, the reactor safety devices should be regularly checked, repair and maintenance.
press
High pressure reactor to use a specific pressure gauge, the general choice is the special pressure of oxygen, if you do not carefully select the other gas pressure gauge, it is possible to cause no look at the consequences of the idea.
Three, reactor explosion causes and treatment methods
1, the reactor with mechanical impurities, resulting in local friction and heat caused the reactor exploded.
Processing method: pay attention to maintenance, do not fall into mechanical impurities.
2, the process system of gas oxygen content increased lead to the reactor exploded, usually should not be more than 1ppm.
Methods: the oxygen content in the process system is strictly controlled.
3, the agitator blade and the pot wall friction caused by local overheating led to the decomposition of stainless steel reactor explosion.
Processing methods: improve the quality of maintenance and spare parts.
4, bearing components wear and heat, resulting in excessive temperature rise after the reactor exploded.
Processing methods: strictly check the quality of spare parts, improve the quality of maintenance.
5, catalyst dosage too much or feed rate too fast, instant temperature rise too fast lead to decomposition explosion.
Treatment methods: strictly control the amount of catalyst, feeding should be uniform.
6, the catalyst system instrument automatic control or the operation of the catalyst pump failure caused the reactor exploded.
Processing method: in the process of the use of the reactor, must be strictly in accordance with the operation manual operation, select the correct instrument and catalyst, reaction
There must be some time to observe all kinds of instrument index, to ensure the normal operation of the reactor.