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Definition: toxic and harmful materials is due to the need of production in the production process, or cleaning, disinfection, pest control, laboratory facilities, operation process needs to use cleaning agents, disinfectants, pesticides, machine oil, chemical reagents and other chemicals.
Requirements for toxic and hazardous substances
Export of health food production enterprises, fourteenth, strict implementation of toxic and harmful substances in the storage and use of management regulations, to ensure that the factory, workshop and laboratory use detergents and disinfectants, pesticides, fuel oil, lubricating oil and chemical reagents and other toxic and harmful substances have been effectively controlled, to avoid contamination of food, food contact surfaces and food packaging materials.
Risk characteristics
The hazardous properties of toxic and hazardous substances include:
Persistence - in nature is not easy to break through the biological degradation or other process;
The accumulation of organisms that can accumulate in the body and accumulate in the food chain;
Toxicity, carcinogenic - can lead to cancer;
Gene mutation induced mutation and mutation;
Reproductive system toxicity: toxic reproductive system;
Endocrine disrupting - even if the dose is extremely low, there are also a class of hormones that can alter the function of the hormone system;
Neurotoxicity of the nervous system;
CEQ (National Council of environmental quality) of the same concerns of chemicals;
Common categories
Commonly used in the production of toxic and hazardous substances
Here are some of the most common toxic and hazardous substances used in the production, as well as their threat to the environment and the human body:
Lead (Pb)
According to WHO's report, 47% of children's lead poisoning comes from food, 45% from indoor and outdoor dust, 6% from drinking water, and only 2% from the air and others.
(as a solder alloy of lead and tin) the main component, is widely used in electronic products, such as cathode ray tubes (TV and display) and lead oxide glass in lead acid batteries. The compound is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cables and other products. Lead is toxic to the human body, animals, and plants. Lead can enter the human body through long-term contact, and the nervous system, especially young people are in the development of the nervous system can not eliminate the impact of.
Cadmium (Cd)
In electronic products, appear in the switch and the welding point usually with cadmium alloy, also used as rechargeable batteries cadmium compounds, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in the old cable light stabilizer and old-fashioned cathode ray tube in the "P" layer. Like lead, cadmium can also be long-term accumulation in the body, long-term exposure to cadmium can damage the kidneys and bones. Cadmium and its compounds are known carcinogens, mainly through the inhalation of contaminated gas or dust into the human body.
Poly (CL) two benzene (PCB)
Has been widely used as insulating liquid transformers and capacitors, is also used as a flame retardant PVC and other polymer plasticizer. This is a highly durable, cumulative chemical substance that can be spread rapidly in the environment and spread to thousands of times in the body of wildlife. Poly - chloride two benzene can produce a variety of toxic effects, including inhibition of immune system, liver damage, cancer promotion, nervous system damage, behavior changes and damage to the reproductive system of male and female.
Poly (PBDE)
Is widely used in a variety of materials, a kind of flame retardant, used to prevent the spread of the flame, including the shell and parts for many electronic products. They are relatively persistent chemicals that affect the environment, some of which have high biological accumulation, can interfere with the normal development of the brain of animals. Several kinds of many kinds of bromine are suspected as endocrine disrupting substances, which can interfere with the growth and development of the hormone. In addition, there are reports of Chengduo PBB will also affect the immune system.
Nonylphenol (NP)
Is a decomposition product of nonyl phenol ethoxylate detergent, but according to other reports, the chemical is used in some plastic antioxidants. It is a potent endocrine disrupting substance that can lead to the middle of the fish (i.e., the male and female characteristics). Nonyl phenol can be formed gradually in the food chain, can damage the DNA even in human sperm function.
Antimony (Sb)
Is a metal that can be used for a variety of industrial uses, including trace components used as flame retardants (e.g., three antimony oxide) and metal solder. In some forms, antimony shows a lot of chemical similarity with arsenic, including its toxicity. Exposure to high levels of antimony, such as dust or gas, can lead to serious skin problems and other health problems. Three antimony oxide is considered to be a potential human carcinogen.
Phosphoric acid three benzene ester (TPP)
Is a kind of organic phosphorus flame retardant for electronic equipment, such as the housing for computer display. Phosphoric acid three benzene ester on aquatic organisms with acute toxicity, is also a major enzyme system in the human body strong inhibitor. In addition, as far as we know, it can also lead to contact dermatitis of some people, and it is also a kind of endocrine disrupting substances.
Naphthalene (PCN)
Is a chemical precursor of poly (two) benzene, which has been widely used in capacitors and used as an insulating compound for wire (in addition to other uses). Many of these properties are the same as those of poly (CL) two, which includes the persistence of the environment, the toxicity of the wild animals and plants, and the human (probably). The report shows that more than chlorinated naphthalene can affect the animal's skin, liver, nervous system and reproductive system.
Hg (Hg)
Still in use in some batteries and flat-panel display lighting device in electronic components. Previously, mercury was also used for switches and relays. Mercury and its compounds are highly toxic and can damage the central nervous system and kidney. Once in the environment, mercury can be converted into organic form by bacterial activity, which not only has toxicity, but also has a high biological accumulation. [1]
Persistent organic pollutants
Bio-accumulative Toxins Persistent (PBT) is a common kind of toxic and harmful substances, which damage the environment and human health. Such as methyl mercury, PCBs, DDT and dioxin of this kind of material to our society and the environment has brought the special challenge. Their toxicity is very persistent and can persist for a long time in the environment without being degraded. Animals and peopleClass from food intake, and in the body to accumulate PBT material. When these substances flow upward in the food chain, their concentrations increase and remain in the human body and environment for a long time. Exposure under PBT can give the fish, wild animal and human caused toxic effects of very extensive, including the central nervous system, reproductive system damage, as well as the cause of developmental disorders, immune suppression, cancer and endocrine disorders.
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