In China's lofty and towering world, seventy years of spring and autumn are full of memories. When the whole Party and the people of all nationalities are striding into a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, we have jointly ushered in the 70th anniversary of the Republic. Since the founding of New China 70 years ago, under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, China's petroleum and chemical industry has made remarkable achievements after several generations of hard struggle, innovation and enterprising. Over the past 70 years, the petroleum and chemical industries of New China have made tremendous contributions to ensuring energy security, promoting industrial and agricultural production, and meeting people's living needs. Today, under the guidance of Xi Jinping's new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, New China has embarked on a new journey to win a well-off society, and the petroleum and chemical industries of New China have sounded the clarion call for leapfrogging from a big country to a powerful country.
70 years of brilliant achievements in petroleum and chemical industry
Since the founding of New China 70 years ago, the petroleum and chemical industries have been starting from the old China, which is full of waste and awaiting prosperity, from small to large, from weak to strong.
China was one of the first countries in the world to discover and use oil, but 70 years ago it was a country that relied heavily on & ldquo; foreign oil & rdquo. In 1907, the Qing government extended the construction of the first oil well in northern Shaanxi. In 1935, with the extension of liberation and the gradual resumption of production of oil plants under the cordial care and organizational management of the CPC Central Committee, Chairman Mao Zedong wrote a personal inscription for Chen Zhenxia, the director of the plant, ldquo; and hard work-rdquo; which was the earliest inscription by Chairman Mao Zedong for China's petroleum industry. At the same time, the chemical industrialists left by the old China to the People's Republic were also very weak. At that time, only Tianjin Yongli Alkali Company, founded by Mr. Fan Xudong, a national industrialist, and Shanghai Tianyuan Chlor-Alkali Plant, founded by Mr. Wu Yunchu, a pioneer of China's chemical industry, as well as Dalian and Shenyang left behind by the Japanese and Kuomintang governments were the only ones. On the eve of liberation, several chemical plants, such as Jilin and Chongqing, were also damaged to varying degrees and almost all of them were shut down. According to statistics, in 1949, China's crude oil output was 120,000 tons, crude oil processing capacity was 170,000 tons, and the total output value of China's chemical industry was only 177 million yuan. This is the whole family of the petroleum and chemical industries of New China.
With the establishment of New China in 1949, the petroleum and chemical industries began to advance in difficulties. The CPC Central Committee attaches great importance to the construction and development of the petroleum and chemical industries. The Ministry of Fuel Industry was set up just after the founding of New China, and the work of restoring the petroleum and chemical industries was intensified. After three years of restoration and construction, a number of factories, such as Dalian Chemical Plant, Yonglining Plant and Fushun Refinery, have resumed production. During the first Five-Year Plan period, China has developed and constructed the first major oil field in New China, mdash; & mdash; Karamay Oilfield in Xinjiang, and successively developed and constructed oil and gas production bases in Yumen, Qinghai Cold Lake and Sichuan, which has increased the national crude oil production to 1458,000 tons. With the help of the former Soviet Union, China has also built three major chemical bases in Jilin, Taiyuan and Lanzhou. In 1959, China successfully discovered Daqing Oilfield and began to organize the oil exploration and development war. In 1960, Shanghai Refinery began to be gradually rebuilt and expanded. In 1961, Lanzhou built the first cracking gas ethylene plant in China, which marked the beginning of the construction of petroleum and chemical industry in New China.
Starting with the plan, the state has carried out the work of importing petroleum and chemical technology and equipment in a planned and step-by-step manner, focusing on solving the major contradictions in the social and economic development at that time, especially the problem of food and clothing for the common people. Under the cordial care and direct leadership of the central leadership, the first vinylon plant was introduced from Japan in 1965; 13 large-scale fertilizer plants were introduced from the United States, Japan, the Netherlands, France and other countries in 1973; and the synthetic leather plant technology, hellip and hellip, was introduced in 1978.
During the difficult start and comprehensive construction of the petroleum and chemical industry in New China, the older generation of petroleum and chemical industry builders, full of infinite loyalty and love to the Party Central Committee, to the new China, rely on hard struggle and strong will to work hard, rely on the “ Daqing Spirit & rdquo; & ldquo; Jihua Spirit & rdquo; Such great spiritual forces made tremendous historical contributions to the construction of New China and the development of the national economy in that arduous era.
The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 1978 became a great turning point for the rapid development of new China's economy and opened a new era for China's economic development. The development of petroleum and chemical industries also ushered in a new spring. Through the implementation of the development strategies such as "science and technology development" and "development of export-oriented economy", and in-depth promotion and extensive development of activities such as "learning Daqing" and "learning Jihua" in the industry, the rapid development of the petroleum and chemical industry has been greatly promoted. Foreign-funded enterprises and private enterprises are also mushrooming. At the same time, the construction of petroleum and chemical colleges and universities has been further improved, and talents in petroleum and chemical industries have been continuously transported to all parts of the country.
Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, the petroleum and chemical industries have thoroughly implemented the major decisions and policies made by the Party Central Committee and the State Council, and the industry's innovation power, enterprise development vitality, the enthusiasm and creativity of the vast number of cadres and workers have been unprecedentedly enhanced, and the industry is developing vigorously. We have successively overcome various risks and challenges, such as the financial crisis in Southeast Asia and the international financial crisis. We have succeeded in joining the ranks of the world's major oil and chemical industries, and are forging ahead bravely towards the world's powerful oil and chemical industries.
Since the founding of New China 70 years ago, especially in the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China's petroleum and chemical industry has leaped to the forefront of the world in scale, and established a complete industrial system of upstream and downstream industrial chains.
At the beginning of reform and opening up, China's petroleum and chemical industries were small in scale, short in industrial chain, few in product categories, single in industrial structure and empty in high-end products.White, international influence is weak. In 1978, the total industrial output value of the whole industry was only 75.85 billion yuan, the total profit was only 16.97 billion yuan, and the total import and export trade was 2.14 billion dollars. By 2018, the main business income of the whole industry reached 12.4 trillion yuan, with a total profit of 839.4 billion yuan, which was 163.5 times and 49.5 times of 1978 respectively. The industrial scale ranked second in the world, among which the chemical industry surpassed the United States in 2010 and ranked first in the world. The output of crude oil doubled compared with 1978. The output of natural gas, crude oil processing, chemical fertilizer, ethylene, caustic soda, soda ash, synthetic resin and tyres reached 161.02 billion cubic meters, 604 million tons, 54.596 million tons (converted to pure), 184.1 million tons, 34.22 million tons, 26.25 million tons, 85.58 million tons and 816 million tons, respectively, in 1978. 11.7 times, 8.6 times, 6.3 times, 48.4 times, 20.9 times, 19.7 times, 126 times and 86.9 times. At the same time, the industrial structure continues to optimize and the industrial chain continues to expand and improve. Except for a few new chemical materials and high-end fine chemical products, most of the petroleum and chemical products can be produced independently.
Since the founding of the People's Republic of China 70 years ago, especially in the past 40 years of reform and opening up, the advantages of the socialist market economic system with Chinese characteristics have been evident, and the vitality of various ownership enterprises has burst out.
With the goal of establishing a socialist market economic system, we will further promote a series of all-round and systematic institutional reforms in industry management, enterprise system and scientific and technological personnel management. Industry management has gradually changed from highly centralized planned economy management to flexible and effective market economy system. The whole industry has generally established a modern enterprise system with clear property rights, clear powers and responsibilities, separation of government and enterprises, and scientific management. A number of petroleum and chemical enterprises with self-management, self-financing, self-development and self-restraint management mechanism have grown and strengthened. From the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, there were only 5,400 Enterprises above the county level, which developed rapidly to 27,813 Enterprises above the scale in 2018, with a total assets of 12.8 trillion yuan. From a single state-owned enterprise, private enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises grew into three-thirds of the world, each occupying one of them, with a variety of ownership and economic components. In 2018, there were 16 Chinese petroleum and chemical enterprises in the list of the world's top 500 enterprises. CNPC and CNPC ranked third and fourth respectively. We also actively learn from the experience of international integration and explore the establishment of a management system of chemical industry parks with Chinese characteristics. By the end of 2018, there were 676 key chemical industrial parks or industrial parks dominated by petroleum and chemical industries, including 57 national chemical parks (including economic and technological development zones and high-tech zones), 351 provincial chemical parks and 268 prefectural and municipal chemical parks. A number of petrochemical industry bases have been built and new advantages of integrated and cluster development have been formed.
In the 70 years since the founding of New China, especially in the 40 years of reform and opening-up, the industry's independent innovation ability has increased dramatically, and market-oriented scientific and technological innovation is developing in depth.
We have successively implemented various stages of technological innovation strategies, such as technology introduction, science and technology revitalization and innovation drive, and organized a large number of key technical projects to tackle key technical issues. We have successively tackled MDI, engineering plastics, isoprene rubber, carbon fibers above T800, polycarbonate, PX, aramid and ultra-low permeability oil and gas fields development. A large number of key technologies, such as shale gas development, have long restricted industrial upgrading. A 12,000-meter deep well drilling rig, large-caliber and high-grade spiral submerged arc welded steel pipe, offshore oil 981 deep-water semi-submersible drilling platform, oil refining process technical equipment, ethylene and aromatic hydrocarbon complete sets of technical equipment have been developed. The localization rate of ten million-ton refinery units exceeds 95%, and that of million-ton ethylene units reaches 90%. Right.
Many technological equipments have broken the international monopoly and reached or approached the world advanced level. Especially the modern coal chemical industry has successively overcome a large number of world-class technical problems, such as large-scale advanced coal gasification, conversion of syngas, large-scale coal to methanol, coal to oil, coal to olefin, coal to ethylene glycol, coal to ethanol, and realized the industrialization of key technology and equipment, and has become the most innovative development of the world coal chemical industry. Forefront. A number of revolutionary technological achievements have also been achieved in the frontier areas of combustible ice, graphene, nanomaterials, 3D printing materials, advanced membrane materials and kerosene blending. A number of innovative enterprises emerged, such as PetroChina, Sinopec, CNOOC, Sinochem, Shanghai Huayi, Wanhua chemical, Yanchang oil, Zhejiang Longsheng, Jinfa technology, Shandong Dongyue, Zhejiang Juhua, etc., cultivating a team of innovative talents, and significantly improving the ability of independent innovation.
In the 70 years since the founding of New China, especially in the 40 years of reform and opening up, the level of green sustainable development of the industry has improved significantly.
Industry development has always put energy saving, emission reduction and safety and environmental protection in a prominent position, vigorously promote clean production and circular economy, strengthen safety production supervision, industry average comprehensive energy consumption, & ldquo; three wastes & rdquo; emission level and safety and environmental accidents overall show a downward trend year by year. We actively learn from the advanced international experience, have introduced and promoted HSE safety production management system, responsibility care system, energy efficiency leader release system, carbon verification carbon trading system, etc., actively carry out green products, green factories, Green Park Evaluation and creation activities, and promote product design, production development, product package. The whole industry chain of packaging, product distribution and recycling has been green, and the industry green industry system has been initially established. We have made great efforts to tackle the key problems of green environmental protection technology, and further popularized and applied advanced green environmental protection technology in wastewater treatment, waste gas treatment and solid waste treatment. At the same time, we will accelerate the popularization of general energy-saving and low-carbon technologies, promote energy-saving and low-carbon transformation in key industries, improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Take & ldquo; Twelfth Five-Year Plan & rdquo; for example, the cumulative energy consumption of 10,000 yuan industrial added value in chemical industry decreased by 22.5%, and the total energy saving amount was about 6.125 million tons of standard coal, equivalent to carbon dioxide emission reduction.About 160 million tons; chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and other major pollutants emissions continued to decline.
In the 70 years since the founding of New China, especially in the 40 years since the reform and opening up, our industry has been actively engaged in the development of a new pattern of all-round and multi-level opening to the outside world.
China has actively expanded the import of oil and gas resources to cover all major oil and gas producing countries, and has basically established the oil and gas grid bureau, which spans four strategic channels, namely, east-west, north-south and connecting overseas. At the same time, we are actively developing international trade in petrochemical products with other countries in the world. In 2018, the total import and export volume of the whole industry reached 743.27 billion US dollars, of which the total import and export volume of the chemical industry reached 371.07 billion US dollars, which was 347.3 times and 226.3 times of 1978 respectively. China's huge market has attracted a large number of foreign investment. Petroleum and chemical enterprises in the world's top 500 have invested in China, set up R&D centers and production bases, actively expand their business in China, layout high-end products and high-end industries, and become an important source of their global investment and profits. China's petroleum and chemical enterprises have also taken the initiative to enter the international engineering construction and oil and gas exploration and development market, contracting projects, construction projects and development resources.
In particular, &ldquo, along the way ” after the initiative was proposed, China's oil and chemical resources development, production capacity cooperation, engineering and technology services, international trade and other four categories of enterprises actively “ go out ” build high-end chemical industry park with the domestic high-end characteristics as the starting point, to the Middle East, Southeast Asia, Central Asia and Russia. Petrochemical industrial parks, such as Petrochemical Industry Park, are the middle strategic fulcrum, with the high-end fine chemical industry parks in Central and Eastern Europe and the African Petrochemical Park as the terminal point, & ldquo; the 21st century Maritime Silk Road, & rdquo; the Silk Road Economic Belt, & rdquo; the chemical industry chain, which is more widely and deeply integrated into the global petrochemical supply chain and industrial chain, has formed a new international competitive advantage. 。 At present, China is forming a new pattern of foreign enterprises & ldquo; please come in & rdquo; and Chinese Enterprises & ldquo; go out & rdquo; a new round of investment boom, China's petroleum and chemical industry is opening up to the outside world.
New Era Creates New Glory of High Quality Development of Petroleum and Chemical Industry
The rings of time always engrave the footprints of strugglers. Since the founding of New China 70 years ago, especially after the baptism of reform and opening-up, several generations of petroleum and chemical builders have made great efforts to build China's petroleum and chemical industries into oil and gas exploration and development, petroleum refining, petrochemical industry, coal chemical industry and salt chemical industry through arduous struggle and tenacious struggle. With a complete range of sub-industries, such as fine chemical industry, biochemical industry, national defense chemical industry, new chemical materials and chemical machinery, it can produce more than 40,000 products and basically meet the needs of the national economy and people's lives. It has made great achievements from scratch, from small to large, and has become a major country in the world's petroleum and chemical industry. 。 This is a historical monument which makes the Chinese people proud, a magnificent epic which makes the world admire, and also a sobbing symphony of the times.
Despite these achievements, we are also aware that there are still many gaps in China's petroleum and chemical industry compared with developed countries and multinational corporations, especially in the structural contradictions of the industry. The huge trade deficit of the industry is a realistic reflection of the contradiction of industrial structure. In 2018, the total trade volume of the whole industry was 743.27 billion US dollars, but the trade deficit was as high as 283.3 billion US dollars, an increase of 42.5% over the previous year.
The main reason for the trade deficit is the large import of new chemical materials and specialized chemicals. The high trade deficit shows at least two major problems: first, the market demand is real; second, the supply capacity is insufficient. The industrial structure of China's petroleum and chemical industry mainly concentrates on the three levels of petroleum and natural gas exploitation, petroleum refining and basic chemical raw material industries, while the proportion of high-end manufacturing and strategic emerging industries is still very low. Our product structure mainly concentrates on the middle and low end of the value chain, and the product structure of enterprises. The same phenomenon is also very prominent. The gap between the supply structure of the whole industry and the demand structure of the upgraded market consumption is still very large, and the contradiction is very prominent.
Therefore, the whole industry must adhere to the supply-side structural reform as the main line unswervingly, attach great importance to the new connotation of important strategic opportunities, accelerate the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, and enhance the ability of scientific and technological innovation. New ideas and methods should be adopted to increase effective supply, high-end supply and green supply, and efforts should be made to explore new ways of high-quality development of the industry. The high-quality development of our industry must focus on five key directions:
Breakthrough in Technological Innovation
China's petroleum and chemical industry has leaped from a big country to a powerful country. The biggest shortcoming in high-quality development is weak innovation capability.
Although our industry has made a series of new breakthroughs in technological innovation since the 13th Five-Year Plan, and has also obtained a number of significant new achievements, from the overall level of industry development and from the technical analysis of the industry development commanding point, we are still compared with the powerful chemical industry countries and multinational corporations. There is a big gap, especially in high-end and cutting-edge technology. Our R&D level is much wider. We still have a big gap in the combination of basic research and applied research. While maintaining the advantages of existing technological innovation, China's petroleum and chemical industry should also make efforts to achieve the leading position in high-tech. Breakthroughs will make it possible for our industry to achieve new improvements in high-quality development.
Historic experience shows that industry development can not be innovated, nor can it always follow and imitate innovation.
In the new stage of high-quality development, we should take the new road of independent innovation and original innovation and make original breakthroughs at the high point. The R&D investment of multinational corporations such as Basf, Dupont and Dow accounted for more than 3% of sales revenue, some even more than 5%, while that of large enterprises in China.Generally less than 1%. To promote the structural reform of supply side, technological innovation must be placed at the core of the strategy. We should concentrate our efforts on tackling a number of key core technologies, & ldquo; stuck neck & rdquo; technology, and seize a number of strategic commanding heights of science and technology that are related to the long-term and the overall situation.
We should seize the great opportunity of the new round of scientific and technological revolution, aim at the world's scientific and technological frontier, vigorously support the original innovation from 0 to 1, overcome a number of world-class technological problems, achieve subversive scientific and technological achievements, and strive to achieve leapfrog development in important fields, and accelerate the development from “ follow-up” to “ and run-rdquo; and even &l Change of dquo; Leader & rdquo.
Industrial structure should be extended at the high end of industrial chain
Traditional industries such as raw material mining and processing, basic chemicals manufacturing account for a large proportion in China's petrochemical industry, while high-end chemical manufacturing and strategic emerging industries account for less than 10%, and the industry as a whole is still at the middle and low end of the industrial chain and value chain.
Accelerating the process of high-end industrial structure, promoting the extension of industrial structure in the high-end industrial chain and fostering strategic emerging industrial clusters are urgent tasks for the industry to achieve high-quality development. We should concentrate on limited objectives and efforts to develop new energy sources, new chemical materials and high-end specialized chemicals industries with comparative advantages.
In particular, we should speed up the development of new chemical energy sources around major engineering needs such as large aircraft, high-speed rail, automobile lightweight and electronic information; new chemical materials such as high-end polyolefins, special resins, special engineering plastics, high-end membrane materials; medical chemical materials; special chemicals such as high-end electronic chemicals, catalysts and special materials. Special chemicals such as additives should strive to improve the high-end supply capacity of the industrial chain.
Resource Allocation Should Be Optimized in the Global Market
The measure of a firm's strength depends not only on the size of its domestic assets and sales revenue, but also on its ability to allocate resources globally. Accelerating the high-quality development of the industry and continuously improving the core competitiveness of enterprises means realizing the optimization of global resource allocation by means of global resource allocation, business process reengineering, industrial chain integration and capital market operation, and cultivating a number of multinational enterprises and enterprise groups with international influence. We should actively & ldquo; go global & rdquo; carry out capacity cooperation, select key industries, and practically promote the construction of overseas agglomeration areas and the implementation of projects around the direction of enterprise development.
In particular, it is necessary to strengthen cooperation with &ldquo, &rdquo and other countries along the line, give full play to their respective advantages in resources, capital, technology, market, talent and management, and set up procurement centers, manufacturing centers, R & D centers, financial settlement centers and marketing service centers in the most suitable locations. By integrating the global value chain and deeply embedding the global production and marketing network, we can achieve efficient global allocation of resources, orderly flow of production factors and mutually beneficial and win-win common development.
Developing Way Should Make Great Efforts in Green Chemistry
Green chemistry is another new realm of chemical industry development. It includes new chemical reaction process research, green energy-saving transformation of traditional chemical process, traditional energy clean utilization technology, green biochemical technology of renewable resources and comprehensive utilization, etc.
Green development is not only an important content of industrial structure optimization and upgrading, but also an important means to promote high-quality development, and also a major change in the development mode of the industry. Promoting green development will inevitably promote the industry from extensive development with high investment, high emission and low efficiency to innovative development and green development.
Chemical industry has the ability to change material properties from molecular structure. Green development must be at the forefront of the whole industrial sector.
The whole industry must further enhance its sense of urgency, mission and responsibility, strive to do a good job in all aspects of green development, achieve harmonious and harmonious development of the industry and society, deepen its responsibility care, expand its social responsibility from inside to outside the enterprise wall, and constantly improve its technological safety. The level of occupational health, product safety supervision, storage and transportation safety and pollution prevention and control, and the establishment of a number of green products, green factories and green development demonstration parks, fundamentally and comprehensively improve the development image of the petroleum and chemical industries.
Economic efficiency should take the lead in international benchmarking
As a main body of market competition, the focus of competition is embodied in the efficiency of enterprises. The advantage of efficiency competition is the result of the joint action of technological innovation advantage, management innovation advantage and business model innovation advantage, and is the ultimate reflection of the overall competitiveness of an enterprise. At present, compared with developed countries and multinational corporations, we still have a big gap in both industry efficiency and enterprise efficiency. Industry enterprises should focus on the whole world, do a good job in matching key indicators, constantly enhance their strategic management and decision-making ability, and further enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises. We should pay attention to the profitability and capital return of enterprises. The profitability and capital return level of an enterprise are not only the concentrated reflection of the overall competitive advantage of the enterprise, but also the important basis for the sustainable development of the enterprise. We should pay close attention to the profit margin of sales revenue and turnover rate of liquidity. The main economic benefit indicators, such as total labor productivity and total factor productivity, focus on the gap between them and those of developed countries and multinational enterprises, consolidate the foundation of enterprise development and enhance the profitability of enterprises.
We should clearly recognize that it is a global strategy, a systematic project and an overall action of our industry to promote the industry's leap from a big country to a powerful country and achieve high-quality development. High-quality development is a big battle and a hard battle for the leap-forward development of our whole industry. It needs the courage and drive of our whole industry to climb over hills, roll rocks and go ahead bravely. We should stand on the foresight of advanced strategic management, on the commanding heights of technological innovation, on the tides of industrial structure optimization, and on the strategy. Technology, market, efficiency and service have created a number of first or only high-level achievements that can be handled and exported, laying a solid foundation for China's petroleum and chemical industry to enter the world's powerful industries at an early date.
70 years of glorious history,We drew the latest and most beautiful pictures on the basis of poverty and white; after 70 years of unremitting pursuit, we completely got rid of poverty and backwardness, and gradually approached the center of the world stage; after 70 years of triumphant song, we cast an immortal monument for the development of the industry with our blood and sweat. Happiness comes from struggle, which is also arduous and long-term.
Today, China is in the best period of development since modern times, and we are standing at a new starting point of historical development. Although we still face many unprecedented difficulties and challenges, at the same time, we also have great opportunities and conditions that we have never had before. & ldquo; Heaven walks strong, gentlemen constantly strive for self-improvement. & At this moment, we must embark confidently on a new journey from a big petrochemical industry country to a powerful country with more firm confidence, outstanding wisdom and courage, and write a brilliant chapter of our generation with pride.