Management risk and disposal of pressure vessel

Pressure vessel as special pressure equipment, with explosion or leakage, risk of [SENSITIVE_WORD] injury accident, but once the explosion or leakage is often associated with catastrophic accidents such as fire and poisoning. Therefore, the developed countries in the world on the development of pressure vessels have a special law, the establishment of a sound regulatory system to regulate and manage. Requires special equipment production, the use of units should establish and improve the safety of special equipment, energy management system and job safety, energy conservation responsibility system. The main person in charge of the production and use of the special equipment shall be responsible for the safety and energy saving of the special equipment of the unit. Special equipment production, use units and special equipment inspection and testing institutions shall be subject to special equipment safety supervision and management of special equipment safety supervision and inspection carried out according to law. In the inspection found: a considerable number of private enterprises have not set up special equipment safety management agencies, equipped with full-time safety management personnel, pressure vessel file information management. Many companies did not press the provisions of the establishment of pressure vessel files, while the contents of the file collection is not complete, many companies have only a map, or only the use of registration certificates, etc.. Complete pressure vessel file should include equipment design, manufacturing, installation, use, maintenance, annual inspection, regular inspections, regular inspection reports, the use of registration certificate, security assessment information, etc.. Almost no units to carry out the annual inspection of the pressure vessel and the monthly self inspection, a considerable part of the enterprise has not developed a pressure vessel operating procedures.
State of the pressure vessel design, manufacture, installation, repair, transformation, inspection, testing and other administrative licensing system, in the corresponding work units and personnel must obtain the appropriate access qualifications. The pressure vessel management personnel and operational personnel of the use of units required to hold certificates. But during the inspection found that very special part of the enterprise equipment management personnel of pressure vessel know enough, with the general mechanical equipment of the same, do not know the installation unit installation of pressure vessel should have qualified; before installation should be to the local quality supervision departments to inform the installation procedures, shall handle the formalities for approval according to the provisions of the pressure vessel reconstruction, pressure vessel used in pressure vessel is put into use before or within 30 days after putting into use in accordance with the requirements to the municipalities or districts of the city quality supervision departments by Taiwan for the use of registration procedures, the pressure vessel is put into use in over 3 years when the first comprehensive inspection etc..
At the same time requires enterprises to carry out annual inspection of the pressure vessel, the monthly inspection, and by the special equipment inspection agencies in accordance with the safety status of pressure vessels on a regular basis. The security situation of grade 1, grade 2, generally every 6 years; safety grade is 3, average every 3 to every 6 years; safety grade 4, should monitor the use of the test period, determined by the inspection agency, the cumulative monitoring time shall not exceed 3 years; the security situation for the 5 class, should be handled on defects, otherwise it may not continue to use. At the same time for the period of use has reached the expected service life of the pressure vessel design pressure vessel or the use of more than 20 years, if you want to continue to use, the use of special equipment inspection and testing unit shall entrust a qualified agency to carry on the inspection (for cooperation in the use of evaluation, at the same time when necessary) shall be subject to approval of the person in charge of the use of units after the party can continue to use. This provision not only clear the safety responsibility of enterprises, at the same time can avoid extended use of accidents, but also can give full play to the potential of equipment.
At present, many private enterprises do not pay enough attention to regular inspection of pressure vessel, safety supervision departments do not exist inspection, no inspection, annual inspection and monthly inspections are not basically. The reason is that many companies are not equipped with professional and technical personnel of pressure vessel engineering and management personnel in accordance with the regulations, or related personnel lack of understanding of the pressure vessel, unable to take this job, the safe operation of pressure vessels there is a big security risk.
In the inspection found that many private enterprises can not be handled in a timely manner for the use of pressure containers registration procedures. One reason is the provisions of the relevant national registration formalities are not clear; the two is on the left corner part of the equipment is unclear, pressure vessel, such as found in the inspection companies will have dryer, refrigerator and central air conditioning system in the condenser and evaporator belongs to the pressure vessel unclear; three is to shift the installation (such as some private enterprises from a base within the group will pressure container is moved to another base) is not required to go through the registration formalities; four is to buy second-hand equipment is not timely registration, change procedures etc..
Pressure vessels, pressure vessels, pressure vessels and other special equipment overpressure protection device, it is through the system outside the discharge medium to prevent the equipment or pipeline medium pressure more than the specified value. Safety valves are automatic valves, the common type of hammer, hammer lever, spring type, pulse type 4. One of the most widely used is the direct load spring type safety valve, according to the open height is divided into full swing and micro Rev.
In the inspection often found that enterprises do not attach importance to the safety valve on the pressure vessel on a regular basis to adjust the work, not in accordance with the provisions of regular school adjustment. The reason is not clear the safety valve should be regularly adjusted; two is part of the equipment for safety valve installation location is not easy to remove (such as vertical vessel, safety valve installed on the top of the container, but the container without removing the escalator safety valve, which led to difficulties) can not be timely adjustment.
At the same time also often found the existence of fault in the safety valve selection on the selected models, such as full opening and wrong should be used Weiqi; should be used in closed and semi closed fault selection etc..
In addition, there are still on the pressure gauge, thermometer is not timely adjustment, the liquid level gauge is not on a regular maintenance and pressure test, the replacement time of the bursting disc is not uniform provisions, etc..
In order to strengthen the safety management of pressure vessels, the developed countries in the world have special laws for the development of special equipment such as pressure vessels, and establish a sound regulatory system to regulate and manage the system. Since the beginning of 1980s, our country has issued a series of supporting technical specifications and technical standards for the pressure vessel. These norms and standards for over 20 years, effectively promote and strengthen the safety management of all localities and departments of the pressure vessel, the pressure vessel accident rate decreased significantly, effectively reduce and control the accidents andRepeated occurrence of similar accidents.
The regulatory system of special equipment in our country mainly includes the following levels: laws and regulations, departmental rules and regulations, technical standards (including national standards, industry standards, enterprise standards) and so on.
The pressure vessel regulations and standards commonly used are: "special equipment safety supervision regulations", "fixed pressure vessel safety technology", "boiler and pressure vessel pressure pipe and special equipment accident treatment regulations", "boiler and pressure vessel pressure pipe special equipment nondestructive testing unit supervision and management methods", "boiler and pressure vessel pressure pipe and special equipment safety supervision and administrative penalties", "boiler and pressure vessel manufacturing license conditions", "boiler and pressure vessel manufacturing supervision and management measures", "boiler and pressure vessel manufacturing license procedures", "boiler and pressure vessel product safety supervision and inspection rules", "import and export of boiler and pressure vessel supervision and management measures", "boiler and pressure vessel inspection unit supervision and assessment methods", "boiler and pressure vessel and pressure pipe Special equipment inspection personnel qualification examination rules "," special equipment quality supervision and safety supervision regulations "," special equipment registration and management rules ", the" State Council on major safety accidents administrative accountability provisions "," boiler and pressure vessel pressure pipe special equipment safety supervision administrative penalties "," boiler and pressure vessel pressure pipe and special equipment NDT qualification examination guidelines for the implementation of trial "," boiler and pressure vessel pressure pipe welder examination and management rules "etc..
In order to ensure the safety of pressure vessels, the quality supervision departments at all levels should regularly use the unit responsible for pressure vessel and pressure vessel operation personnel of relevant regulations and standards, standardized training, improve the quality of personnel. On the other hand, the implementation of the main security responsibility, pressure vessel corporation should strengthen enterprise building work, according to the characteristics of special equipment management, establish a sound management system and operating procedures, clear responsibilities at all levels of management personnel of special equipment. At the same time with a full-time (Part-time) work safety management personnel, establish and improve the system of job responsibility, operation procedures, regular inspection, maintenance and emergency response and rescue center regulations, conscientiously fulfill the daily safety inspection of special equipment liability.
At the same time to strengthen the special equipment dynamic regulatory system and system construction, effectively curb the boiler, pressure vessels, elevators, lifting machinery and other special equipment safety all kinds of accidents.
According to the particularity of the pressure vessel, pressure vessel in the new purchase, the relevant management personnel should participate in relevant technical verifications, design and manufacture of pressure vessel qualification review and process quality control, ensure the entrance. At the same time, strengthen the handover inspection work of new purchase of pressure vessel, if the conditions as far as possible please qualified third party inspection agencies involved in quality inspection work of new purchase of pressure vessel, and issued its complete and fair quality inspection report. In the installation process should be strengthened to review the installation qualification, while the installation of the construction before the construction unit for reporting. The best condition of the pressure vessel before the launch of a pre service inspection, timely detection and elimination of equipment congenital defects, timely registration to the device for registration. In the maintenance, the use of the process, pay attention to the collection of relevant operation, maintenance of information, establish and improve the relevant files. Strengthen equipment annual inspection, daily inspection and periodic inspection, inspection by the comprehensive mechanism of pressure vessel on the census register, find out the enterprise pressure vessel base, the establishment of a complete archive of special equipment, at the same time, according to the provisions of timely reporting of regular inspection etc..
Because of pressure vessel safety accessories has protective effect on production safety, the use of units shall be in accordance with the provisions of the "safety valve safety technology supervision regulation", on a regular basis, safety valve, pressure gauge, thermometer, liquid level meter calibration, safety valve type selection and design according to the right. Blasting piece and other parts enterprises should be based on the characteristics of the medium and the actual situation of enterprises, to develop a regular replacement system.
The file is one of the important contents of the management of pressure vessels, pressure vessel sound file including design, manufacturing, installation, use, maintenance, annual inspection, regular inspection, regular inspection data, such as the completion of drawings, installation and acceptance of data, use and maintenance data, using the registration certificate, inspection report. It provides relevant technical data for the management, maintenance and reconstruction of the pressure vessel. Units should be used to establish a single pressure vessel file information.