Why do cars burn gasoline, trucks burn diesel oil, aircraft kerosene, and ships burn heavy oil?
In a word, this fuel is the most suitable fuel for a kind of transportation tool if some fuel can meet the needs of some kind of transport.
Well, isn't it a little dizzy? Please listen to the little editor and slow down...
1. Gasoline and cars
Gasoline is a light fraction of petroleum products, with small density, low calorific value and volatile, and is especially fast compared to some heavy oil. It can be understood as the difference between igniting gunpowder and point firewood.

The picture is a gasoline engine
In addition to the engine, compared with the ship (Cruise or warship) / aircraft (airliner or fighter), the requirements of the car engine on the account data are simply paediatrics, but the speed is higher and the size is not too large. Especially, some sports car 0-100km/h is controlled within 5 seconds, so the engine is required. Speed is fast. Gasoline is a more irritable character for cars.
Two, kerosene and aircraft
The aviation kerosene used by the aircraft is purified from the naphtha and paraffin oil through many processes. Compared with the first steamed gasoline, it has a lot of stable character, low density, low calorific value, and not volatile. In the special combustion environment of turbine, the speed of burning is not even slower than gasoline.

A five cylinder star engine

Turbofan engine
There are many kinds of aircraft as well. Most of the aircraft used in World War II are star type internal combustion engines. It is also reciprocating and burning gasoline. Modern turbine engines are applied to the aircraft (first aircraft). It is the end of World War II, and the performance of the aircraft has a qualitative leap.
Because the high air gasoline is more volatile, it is not safe to use on the aircraft (the bomb = explosion), so the use of more excellent kerosene (often tens of thousands of rotational speeds). In addition, kerosene has an advantage over gasoline in that it is not easy to accumulate carbon. This is also important for aircraft engines with high accuracy.
Why don't you use diesel? It's very simple, too slow to burn (especially at low altitude). How can we fight with people with poor mobility?
Three, diesel and truck
Gasoline we say it is irascible, kerosene we say it is bright, the character of diesel can be described steadily, it can be divided into two kinds of light diesel (car / truck) and heavy diesel (heavy machinery / small and medium ship), the latter is higher in density, higher in heat value, higher in burning point, and more viscous.
Because the characteristics are stable and the ignition point is low, it can be compressed combustion without fear of deflagration. It can be made into a large combustion chamber, and gasoline can not be done.

The picture is a large diesel engine
For some ships and heavy machinery, because of the need for high load, there is no requirement for the speed increase, but the power and torque (especially torque) are very high. The high heat value of the diesel engine and the high compression ratio of the diesel engine can make use of its energy more fully, although the speed is not gone, but the power is strong, it is completely not gasoline hair. Motivation can be compared.

A light diesel engine
The light diesel engine has the advantages of simple structure, high reliability and low fuel consumption compared to the gasoline engine because of its lack of demand for acceleration performance. In addition, the diesel engine will also accumulate carbon, but the diesel engine is not very sensitive to the adverse reaction of carbon deposition, especially the heavy diesel engine, the manifold is so thick, the effect of carbon accumulation is completely the mosquitoes leg.
Four, ships and heavy oil
The heavy oil is the steamed oil that steamed almost all, the last of the remaining sticky, high density, high calorific value, a small bottle can burn for an hour, the oxygen shortage is more black smoke rolling (not completely burning carbon single).

The diagram is a steam turbine
The oil was never used in an internal combustion engine before, because it could not be ejected, so it was directly at the point of filling the oxygen, then burning the boiler and driving the steam turbine as a power. Now the technology is more mature, the heavy oil can be used on the large two stroke diesel engine of the merchant ship, the highest speed is one hundred turn out, because the lower the speed, the higher the efficiency, so the efficiency of the main engine is higher than that on the car.
Most importantly, heavy oil is very cheap. We must know that the fuel consumption of the ship is calculated by ton. However, the performance of the heavy oil engine is poor, so the diesel engine must be used when the ship enters the port, so that it can cope with frequent acceleration and deceleration and lane changing.
(source: mechanical frontline chemical life)