In 1950s, the earliest Industrial Park in the world was born in the United States, which is the world-famous “ Silicon Valley ” After that, because of its remarkable superiority, the industrial park has gradually become an important way to carry out the development of high-tech strategy in many countries, especially developed countries.
In 1979, the first industrial park in China was born in Shekou, Shenzhen. After that, the industrial park has developed rapidly, especially in the last ten years. The number of industrial parks in China has not only increased dramatically, but its connotation has been greatly enriched, such as the national economic and Technological Development Zone, the high-tech Industrial Development Zone, the free trade zone, the export processing zone and all kinds of provincial industrial parks.
However, in a large number of industrial parks, there are too many dross and little essence.
In the initial stage of reform and opening up, the state has carefully constructed a number of high-quality industrial parks. However, with the gradual expansion of the openness and pace of development, the development of industrial parks has been moving rapidly. Under the main theme of economic advance, the construction of industrial parks has been madly everywhere, resulting in chaos. Serious problems such as environmental pollution have become increasingly prominent.

In March 2018, the Xinhua news agency interviewed the Anhui industrial park with a startling pollution: a hundred acres of strong alkali industry solid waste stacked on the riverside, toxic and harmful leaching water DC. The slag was directly dumped on the Yangtze River, and the river water was flushed for three years. The famous enterprises in the Garden opened the middle of the night to release the volatile toxic gas … &hel Lip; in recent years, such events are too numerous to enumerate.
With the deepening of environmental supervision, all kinds of chaos in the industrial park can be exposed.
A mess
Important river pollution is serious and the hidden danger is great
In order to facilitate the transportation of raw materials and products, many parks are often distributed along the river or near the sea. According to statistics, only hundreds of national industrial parks are distributed in the Yangtze Economic Belt, and some industrial parks are even located near the water sources of drinking water. In the past decades, Poyang Lake, the Yellow River, Haihe, Huaihe, offshore and surface runoff have been discharged directly into the park, causing great damage and serious consequences.
In March 2018, the Xinhua news agency interviewed the Anhui industrial park with a startling pollution: a hundred acres of strong alkali industry solid waste stacked on the riverside, toxic and harmful leaching water DC. The slag was directly dumped on the Yangtze River, and the river water was flushed for three years. The famous enterprises in the Garden opened the middle of the night to release the volatile toxic gas … &hel Lip; in recent years, such events are too numerous to enumerate.
Chaos two
Facilitating the transfer of heavy polluting enterprises
Because of the unbalanced economic development among the regions in China, some high pollution industries in the developed coastal areas have been eliminated, and are packaged into less developed areas and become the local industrial parks. Due to the relatively loose supervision in less developed areas, the pollution of heavy polluting enterprises has become more serious. In many areas, industrial parks are essentially the cover of pollution transfer and the protection of heavily polluting enterprises.
Chaos three
Degenerate into “ four unlike ” develop deformities
Due to the lack of scientific planning and lack of supervision, the development of industrial parks has once been widespread. In many places, &ldquo has been transformed into industrial parks for the sake of political achievements, and the four are unlike &rdquo.
In fact, in a large number of industrial parks, &ldquo, furniture factories, doors and windows factories, printing factories &rdquo, and so on workshop type combination accounted for more than half. This kind of “ the park ” completely do not have the property of the industrial park, in the form of organization and the vegetable market, it can not reflect the value of the park, and many times are the malformed products of the local government.
Chaos four
Behind it is the “ the God logic ” the industrial park becomes a speculative paradise.
In addition to environmental pollution, confusion in operation and deformity of development, it is another chaos in industrial parks. Over the past more than 10 years, industrial parks have been everywhere, but most of them end in a dead end. Some deserted parks are submerged in the open wilderness and are regarded as &ldquo by local people; ghost garden ”
For some business owners, industrial parks are just an excuse for them to lend money to banks when they are in financial difficulties. The mentality of such people entering the park is to make the fake accounts in place and to lend as much as possible.
And the local government to circle the garden, in order to assess the performance, most of the neglect of industrial resources, geographical conditions, infrastructure and other key factors, more ignored the impact on the environment.
In many cases, industrial parks are not well known, most of which are opportunic practices, all of which are done in exchange for the benefit of some people by sacrificing the resources of land and finance.

What caused the chaos?
1. Cognition of dislocation and movement
There is no doubt that the fundamental reason for the disorder lies in the lack of understanding of the local government. First, the overall understanding of the economic development and environmental protection is not in place, and the two is the lack of understanding of the development model of the industrial park. Some areas are pursuing economic benefits unilaterally, and everything is in line with money, ignoring environmental protection and other long-term considerations. Many parks have been wrong from the beginning. The problems of ideological understanding lead to a series of errors in action, which further deform the development of industrial parks.
Two. The disarray of planning and the unbalance of development
Many places in the planning process, eager for quick success and instant benefit, unrealistic and chaotic, completely deviated from the original meaning of the construction of industrial parks. In the specific planning of the park, inadequate research, unclear positioning and unscientific design led to the difficult operation of the park after it was launched. Many of the parks with high potential are ultimately difficult to weather or even decline.
For example, some petrochemical parks have been introduced to other types of enterprises because of improper planning and only a few petrochemical enterprises. However, the facilities for sewage treatment and solid waste disposal in the early stage are all in accordance with the standards of petrochemical enterprises.To design is not necessarily in line with the requirements of other enterprises. The result is that the cluster effect is not obvious, and at the same time, it will cause difficulties for the later management, and ultimately pollute the illegal emissions. Most of the time, the amount of investment often can not reach the supporting capacity of its design, the emergence of facilities and equipment “ eat not full of ” the phenomenon, eventually reduced to “ sun ” engineering.

Three
The industrial parks in many places are just like, basically packing small and scattered enterprises together, without the effect of the industrial park; the so-called industrial park is just a cluster of small, high pollution, low level small workshops, which make the industrial park a vegetable market and have no responsibility. What is the essence of it.
Four, unclear power and responsibility, poor supervision
Many places have problems of unclear responsibilities in the management of the park's environmental problems. The existing park is mostly managed by the management committee, but the main function of the committee is to serve enterprises, environmental supervision, law enforcement ability and so on. Of course, it is difficult to be able to be in place even if the referee is an athlete and an athlete, while the grass-roots environmental protection department has professional responsibilities, but it often does not reach the scope of the park.
Because of the lack of responsibility, the industrial park has become a blank area of supervision, which has led to a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises and illegal enterprises which are backward in technology, heavy pollution and lack of environmental protection facilities. The environmental protection facilities only operate when they are checked. After the inspection team has gone, they steal and steal.
Five, the system is not perfect and the examination and approval become a play
Most of the management of the park often does not have a clear and mature legal system, and its flexibility is large. The managers are both the referees and the athletes in the environment supervision, and the environmental law enforcement is lack of rigidity, which leads to frequent pollution.
In the examination and approval of many park projects, illegal examination and approval and ultra vires examination and approval are very common. Projects which should be approved by a state or a province or a province have been decomposed into a small project for approval by the county, and the project which should prepare the environmental impact report is simplified as a report on the environmental impact report. The EIA has been approved, but the environmental protection facilities have been delayed. EIA, &ldquo, three, &rdquo and so on have gone through the motions.
Six. The capacity of waste disposal can not keep up
The original intention of some park construction is to facilitate centralized disposal of pollution, but the reality is often that the capacity of waste disposal can not keep up.
People in the industry say that a large number of hazardous wastes are needed for the lack of disposal capacity and overdue storage, while a large number of hazardous wastes are lacking in comprehensive utilization technology to occupy the incineration landfill resources.
There are many problems in the temporary repository of hazardous waste in enterprises, such as insufficient storage capacity, unclosed storage, unclassified storage, waste collection and disposal, and no corrosion prevention and seepage control on the ground. The disposal capacity gap of the centralized disposal center of hazardous waste in some parks is large, and the disposal load of the facilities is insufficient. The waste salt and waste solvent transferred in the name of the by-product exist generally in some parks.
Seven, extreme pursuit of economic growth, local protectionism prevails.
The past 40 years have been a period of rapid economic growth and a bonus period for environmental pollution. This is particularly evident in the development of industrial parks. Industrial parks are heavily polluted because of the prevalence of protectionism by local governments.
There are places for investment promotion, when the enterprise comes in, the government will make certain “ shortsighted ” promise, such as pollution green light, white list and so on.
Even more, one side of the “ the eco cycle economy ” the flag was approved by the government, on the other hand, a lot of high pollution enterprises and small workshops were produced in it, and even in some countries, the polluters were also concentrated and avoided supervision, which made the industrial park become illegal. “ parachute ”
When some industrial parks enter enterprises, once they enter the park, their environmental supervision becomes “ exemption ” procedures. Even the local government will prescribe some “ the soil policy ” prevent “ interfere with ” the normal production activities of enterprises in the park. In addition, some park management committees set up the corresponding environmental protection institutions and name the environmental law enforcement. The essence is that both the referees and the athletes often make the environmental supervision in the “ the vacuum ” the state.
Suggestion of measures
At the moment, our country is facing the key period of economic transformation and the window period to solve the problem of pollution. The core of China is to eliminate the backward concept, regulate the system's maladministration, and optimize the market mechanism. Suggestions are made for the consolidation of the park:
First, to reverse the decline, we should first correct the direction in the mind, correct the mentality of quick success and immediate interest, “ one duty, the party and the government and the same responsibility for the ” perhaps can correct this fault.
Two, establish a sound system, strictly control approval, planning, investment, operation, management, disposal and other links.
Three, the planning of the park should be scientific and reasonable and targeted, take into account the immediate and long-term, take full consideration of the environmental problems, strictly implement the environmental assessment, “ three and ” the system, the allocation of reasonable and effective pollution prevention and control facilities.
Source: the Swedish Academy